How Technology Aids Human Trafficking

Abstract

Human trafficking is one of the most difficult crimes to investigate and prosecute due to the lack of clear evidence, victims fear of coming forward, and the use of hard to trace technologies such as the dark web. This paper presents a systematic literature review on how technology plays a major role in both aiding and combating human trafficking. Traffickers increasingly use every day apps like Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and WhatsApp to recruit and control victims, while also relying on encrypted platforms and online payment methods to hide their tracks. Complications in addressing human trafficking include legal loopholes, inconsistent definitions across jurisdictions, and outdated law enforcement tools that struggle to keep up with rapidly evolving digital platforms. However, technology also provides important tools for identifying traffickers, locating victims, and spreading awareness. This paper explores the definition of human trafficking, the psychological methods used by traffickers such as love bombing or the lover-boy method as well as the types of people most likely to be targeted. It also discusses the portrayal of trafficking in popular culture through high profile celebrity cases and media coverage, showing how these representations influence public awareness and understanding. By examining these factors, the paper aims to highlight the need for stronger digital policies, more awareness in online spaces, and broader educational efforts to combat trafficking at all levels. Ultimately, understanding the connection between technology and trafficking is key to disrupting this widespread and deeply rooted crime.